Renaissance Impact on English Literature - 1723 Words

Renaissance: Impact on English Literature . Renaissance is a French word which means rebirth, reawakening or revival. In literature the term Renaissance is used to denote the revival of ancient classical literature and culture and re-awakening of human mind, after the long sleep in the Medieval Ages, to the glory, wonders and beauty of mans earthly life and nature. The great literary movement, Renaissance began in Italy with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. But its influence was not felt in England till the last years of the fifteenth century when the English scholars who visited Italy at the time came back to England nourished on the Renaissance humanism. The Renaissance, however, had its full blossoming in the†¦show more content†¦He is rightly called the child of the renaissance. He often borrowed from classical writer such as Aristotle, Plato, Virgil, and others. The Shepherds Calendar is modeled on the artificial pastoral popularized by the Renaissance and inspired by Virgil and Theocritus. In this poem he s ets himself to rescue English poetry from the rascally rhymes into whose hands it had fallen and to reform it in its kind, metre and action. In his plan and conduct of The Faerie Queene he follows the classical model of a heroic poem and takes a lot from the classical writers. Sir GuyonsVoyage to the Bower of Bliss is baded upon a similar voyage in Homers Odyssey. Spenser also shared in the rich sensuous life the Renaissance had thrown open to men. His poems,The Faerie Queene in particular offer us a rich feast for our sense. Similarly, the Renaissance exercised a great influence on the Metaphysical Poetry. Metaphysical poetry is predominantly intellectual and analytical. In it an emotion or feeling is expressed through the working of the intellect. The poets who wrote successfully in the metaphysical style were all intellectual. Donne, the leader of the metaphysical’s, for instance, links up a wider range of ideas. In Metaphysical poetry emotions are shaped and expressed by logical reasoning, and both sound and picture are subservient to this end. Words dedicated to poetry are eschewed because these words are charged with accumulated emotion. LikeShow MoreRelatedEnglish Renaissance Literature882 Words   |  4 Pages If a literature loving time traveler were to journey into the past to study English Renaissance literature as compared to the former Anglo-Saxon literature, they would find that changing beliefs and ideas in society are reflected in the writing of the time. The historical context of the English Renaissance impacts not only the subject matter of poems, but also the underlying themes in the text. It is important to examine the differences and similarities between each era to understand the differencesRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era: Years of Grand Development838 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is the importance of Elizabethan England –the Renaissance period? Benson notes, â€Å"During the early Renaissance, an era spanning from the fourte enth century to the seventeenth century, the arts in Europe blossomed into bold new forms, blending the philosophy and creative forms of the ancient civilizations of Rome and Greece with contemporary European style† (Benson 142). The Elizabethan Era is greatly known for its rise of the arts –drama, literature, exploration, etc. Queen Elizabeth I ruled EnglandRead MoreRenaissance Time Capsule1187 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance Time Capsule Rodney A. Mathis HUM/102 June 2, 2014 Dr. Julie Kares Renaissance Time Capsule As part of my introduction to humanities class, I was required to probe for a concealed time capsule from both the Renaissance and the Baroque ages. Thereafter, I was required to identify at least two examples of art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature depicted during the periods. By doing so, I expected to identify how these examples reflected world events and cultural blueprintsRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Harlem Renaissance represents the rebirth and flowering of African-American culture. Although the Harlem Renaissance was concentrated in the Harlem district of New York City, its legacy reverberated throughout the United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, dramaRead MoreEssay on The Publishing Car eer of Isabella Whitney928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Publishing Career of Isabella Whitney The English Renaissance was a time of great literature. The world was changing and people were exploring their boundaries. In a time of such opportunity, women were often excluded. For instance, it was very difficult for women to receive education. Even if they did, it was extremely difficult for them to be accepted as writers and nearly impossible to have their work published. Only a small number of women writers succeeded in having their works publishedRead MoreThe Impact Of Renaissance On Italy And The Renaissance969 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Renaissance was a series of revolutions and changes that originated in Italy and had wide spread impact very rapidly in the entire Europe. All the developments and changes were done to keep in mind and keep pace with the local environments and situations. The developments were frequently connected to encourage cultural developments without affecting the basic idea and conventional heritage of the country. Many artists and military personnel also took part in the revolution where theRead MoreA Brief Look at the Renaissance939 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance sparked an influential cultural movement by art, architecture, and music. Renaissance was a period of time from the 14th to the 17th century that affected Europe. During the renaissance people learned art and literature. The renaissance was the period of transition, from the medieval to modern times. The renaissance began in Italy during the 14th century as early as the painters Giotto and Cimabue. During the Renaissance peo ple witnessed â€Å"the discovery of the world† and the â€Å"discoveryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Movement By Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, And Ralph Waldo Ellison931 Words   |  4 PagesKnown as one the most impactful movements on African American arts, the Harlem Renaissance Movement represented a period of artistic and intellectual change that initiated a new identity on black culture. Often called the â€Å"New Negro† Era, the Harlem Renaissance opened doors for African American to express themselves in the form of visual arts, musical elements, and even performing arts during the 1920s. Due to this movement, Harlem became the city that â€Å"gave African Americans a physical culturalRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Anglo-Saxon, Medieval, and Renaissance Perio1410 Words   |  6 PagescenterbAnalysis of Early Civilizations Through Literature/b/centerbrbrA culture that evolves and changes through time is a healthy culture indeed. From the early pa gan warriors to the artisans of the Renaissance, the European world dramatically reformed. The literature of each era indicates the profound cultural innovations. The Anglo-Saxons arguably most important literary piece, Beowulf, is a story of a brave warrior who fights Grendel. Grendel is described as, A powerful monsterRead MoreHow Did the Period of Renaissance Alter Man’s View of Man? Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance period was a truly enlightening period in history that birthed many great advancements in all fields of science, and inventions. How did the period of time we know as, â€Å"The Renaissance†, change or alter man’s view of man? Well, we know that in the Middle Ages, the Church had authority over most people, and people had very few rights. In 1400’s, the Middle Ages had ended and then began the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a monumental change in Europe which lasted for 300 years. Humanity

Case Analysis Criminal Offender Profiling - 1207 Words

David Gail Meirhofer Tricia Jenkins Ivy Tech Community College Criminal Justice CRIM 210 Assistant Professor John Mishler December 11, 2014 David Gail Meirhofer David Gail Meirhofer’s case was the first of its kind to be solved by using the technique of criminal offender profiling. David was born June 8, 1949 to Eleanor Virginia Meirhofer and Clifford David Meirhofer in Manhattan, Montana. Personal interviews with several of Meirhofer’s surviving relatives provided a look into the childhood of this troubled man. Meirhofer’s aunt, Layne Meirhofer-Greeney said, â€Å"David had a relatively normal childhood upbringing. He was raised just as any of us kids. He wasn’t abused or neglected, and had traditional Catholic values. We had frequent family gatherings, and always included David. As kids, we were very close† (L.Meirhofer-Greeney, personal communication, October 10, 2014) Wayne Meirhofer, David’s uncle, says, â€Å"David was a smart kid. He got good grades, and always seemed like he had a good head on his shoulders. He went into the military, and it seemed to us that he was traveling in the right direction in life. It floored us to hear of the things he had done† (W.Meirhofer, personal communication, October18, 2014) My father and Meirhofer’s uncle, Lou Carlassara, said, â€Å"I was very young when all the drama happen ed with David. I don’t remember much about him, but I remember being told we could no longer make trips to Montana to see that side of the family because David had doneShow MoreRelatedCriminal Profiling : The Criminal Investigative Approach, And The Scientific Statistical Approach Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesOpening Informal criminal profiling has a long history. It was used as early as the 1880s, when two physicians, George Phillips and Thomas Bond, used crime scene clues to make predictions about British serial murderer Jack the Ripper s personality. For years, law enforcement investigators, academics, mental health experts, and the media have studied serial murder, from Jack the Ripper in the late 1800s to the sniper killings in 2002, and from the â€Å"Zodiac Killer† in California to the â€Å"BTK Killer†Read MoreExamining The Literature On Offender Profiling1597 Words   |  7 Pagessociety in for criminal behaviour and investigation with television shows such as ‘Underbelly’ which were based on true Australian crime, attracting high ratings from the public. Forensic psychologists conduct Offender Profiling, a forensic procedure which examines the behavioural data provided by witnesses and the crime scene to assist the investigation by predicting the possible characteristics of criminals. This article will examine the literature on Offender profiling Offender profiling developedRead MoreThe Validity Of Criminal Profiling Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Validity of Criminal Profiling and its Effectiveness on Solving Crime In law, law enforcement relies on a variety of approaches to solving crimes. One method of doing so, is criminal profiling. Police use criminal profiling as an aid to identify the typology of individuals most likely to fit the suspect profile. In this approach, evidence of a crime is used to identify the characteristics of the criminal in relation to their personality and psychological state of mind. As wellRead MoreThe Crime Of Crime And Crime1180 Words   |  5 Pagesthey handle crime and deal with criminals. When a crime takes place, the part that fascinates people the most is how the offender is captured and brought to justice (Nathan, 2005, p 29-34). Nowadays, nearly all serious crimes are solved with the help of one or more police investigators, police officers, witness testimonies, and the help of psychological profilers and forensics. Science has great contributions in the detection of crime and controlling criminals. The advancement in DNA identificationRead MoreEssay about Issues In Psychological Profiling1329 Words   |  6 PagesIssues In Psychological Profiling Historically, crime and criminals have always caught the attention of law-abiding citizens. Whenever there is mention of serial killers or unsolved murders or abductions, psychological profiling, floats to the top of the list of concerns (Egger, 1999). Psychological profiling is an attempt to provide investigators with more information about an offender who has not yet been identified (Egger, 1999). Its purpose is to develop a behavioral composite that combinesRead MoreCriminal Profiling: Does it Really Work? Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal profiling has become a very popular and controversial topic. Profiling is used in many different ways to identify a suspect or offender in a criminal investigation. â€Å"Criminal profiling is the process of using behavioral and scientific evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology† (Torres, Boccaccini, Miller, 2006, p. 51). †Å"The science of profiling rests on two foundation blocks, basic forensicRead MoreThe Importance of Criminal Justice1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Criminal Profiling Criminal Profiling is a method of identifying the perpetrator of a crime based on an analysis of the nature of the offense and the manner in which it was committed. It most notably can be traced back to work done in the later part of the last century, and possibly even earlier in a variety of forms. There has been a definite growth since this early work, with many individuals doing a great deal of both research and practical work in criminal profiling. The investigativeRead MoreCriminal Profiling : An Investigative Tool1359 Words   |  6 Pagesforces such as the FBI and the police use criminal profiling as an investigative tool aimed at helping them identify or predict characteristics of criminals who are not yet identified. Criminal profiling as an investigation tool allows investigators to compile and establish the right description of the criminal implicated. Investigators can also use geographical profiling to establish the location of the criminal. The criminal profiling pro cedure is used by detectives to satisfy certain needs inRead MoreCriminal Profiling1152 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation on criminal profiling. Some psychiatrists, criminologists, and psychologists believe there are specific traits, psychological factors that will separate a person from the rest of society. This thesis will explain that criminal profiling will help narrow the list of suspects from rape and homicide by formulating the type of person whom the investigators should be looking for. How long does he or she think criminal profiling has been used in law enforcement? Criminal Profiling Read MoreThe Process of Criminal Profiling as it Pertains to Serial Killers1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe process of criminal profiling as it pertains to serial killers is extremely interesting and much more common than one would first think. This study deals with the research into the developmental and psychological approaches to serial killers. In the process of studying these offenders, researchers have discovered that crime scene manifestations of behavioral patterns enabled the investigators to discover much about the offender (Jones The Process of Criminal Profiling When Applied To A Serial

The Medieval Civilization Free Essays

The greater part of medieval civilization was a time of simplicity and little cultural development. Feudalism was the structure that governed medieval society and came to represent this time period. The church became the universal symbol of medieval unity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Medieval Civilization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Toward the end of the medieval period, however, town life and large-scale trade and commerce were revived. Great changes took place in the church fostering a new era and change. Feudalism was a system of government that provided the structure for the political, social, and economic aspects of medieval civilization. It consisted of contracts between members of the nobility and less powerful nobles who served as their vassals. Economically it was a contract between the serfs who farmed that land and the nobles who owned it. Feudalism was very complex and confusing in some ways, but it could also be looked at as very simple. It was constructed in a pyramid or chess board-like form. Kings were at the top although they did not have much power, lords and vassals followed the king and had control of the lesser nobles. The serfs were at the base of the pyramid. A manor, otherwise known as the lord†s estate, was where everyone lived and worked. In exchange for a place to live, food, and mainly protection, the serfs farmed the land. Agriculture was the foundation of feudalism, where land and food was used to barter for other items. There were different taxes and positions of distinct people on the manor. This illustrates the complexity of feudal life during the medieval ages. If you look at it as what the duties were of each specific class you see the simplicity of feudalism. Each member of medieval society had its own particular tasks to perform. The serfs preformed the most labor-intensive tasks and often did the same thing everyday. The knights protected the manor and the lords were responsible for taking care of everyone on their manor. The feudal system could be compared to a modern corporation. The serfs could be looked at as the workers, the lords as management, the knights to the security, and the king would be the CEO of the company. Feudalism was complex in its organization and simple it its implementation. During most of the medieval time period the church was the center of society and was the law of the land. The church regulated business practices, had the power to tax, controlled all people through the power of excommunication and had influence on the aesthetic aspects of life. The church exemplified both the simplicity and complexity of medieval life. Monks led a very simple life. Their days were spent working hard, studying, and praying. The church wanted to make life simpler by standardizing the rite, calendar, and monastic rule. It was more complex then simple however. The church held a great deal of power that was often in conflict with the monarch. The head of the church, the pope, spent much of his time in Rome while attempting to govern the rest of Europe. It was difficult to govern such a large geographical area while residing in a city that was not centrally located. In A. D. 1377, Pope Gregory XI left Avignon and returned to Rome. This was known as the great schism and it developed great entanglement in the popes† standing in medieval society. The crusades, while increasing the status of the pope, also increased the power of the monarchs over the nobles. Feudalism was broken down and the power the church was illustrated in the crusades. Certain aspects of the church tried to simplify life while other things only made it more complex. Population growth contributed to the migration of people from the manor to the town, which was the base of complexity in the later stage of the Middle Ages. A self-sufficient manor sometimes was the beginning of a town where people came to form a complex web of commerce and trade. Products were bought with money rather then used to barter for other necessities such as in the earlier stage of the Middle Ages. As the towns grew the people became dissatisfied with being ruled by the nobles and church. They wanted to govern and tax themselves, and eventually they began to do these things without the consent of the church or nobles. To better protect themselves the townspeople often joined together with people from other towns to form leagues. These leagues would band together to protect one another and promote trade. The people organized themselves even further with forming merchant and craft guilds. The guilds controlled the making and sale of particular products. Feudal lords as well as the church was concerned with the formation of towns. Townspeople were able to increase their wealth through the sale and manufacturing of goods, while the lords only produced what was needed for their manor. The serfs began to move away from the manor because they realized that they could have a better life if they lived in the towns. By forming autonomous towns, people created complex relationships between themselves and the monarchs and churches. This was the development of a more complex form of economic subsistence known as capitalism. Medieval civilization was a time of change in many different ways, both simple and complex. Feudalism was organized in a quite clear way yet the structure in which it was carried out and the roles played in it were confusing. The church†s power was very perplexing in that it had the power to run the government and economy. The way that the church wanted to standardize certain things was easy to understand. Towns were complex in their organization and in the way they divided the power among the common people and the nobles and church. Medieval society that was once based on faith became rooted in scholasticism. Many new ideas brought up through the medieval civilization forced the society to be both simple and complex in many aspects. How to cite The Medieval Civilization, Essay examples

Project Management Portfolio The Project Initiation

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Portfolio for The Project Initiation. Answer: The first part was getting a project title and having it approved, an activity that took three hours; and I operated as a facilitator and project manager, as well as a programmer. Being a facilitator requires engagement and involvement in project inception and getting it approved; the challenge when assuming the role of a facilitator was that it requires the user to have other skills such as interpersonal, communication, and involves managing teams (Mathis, 2016); very little technical skills are required. At the project initiation phase the author played the role of a programmer, a project manager, and a test engineer. During project planning and gathering resources that lasted five hours, I played the dual roles of a project manager and a programmer. This is a crucial part of the project management because it must be gotten right as planning is crucial to the success of any project, according to Alexander (2015); it involves detailed planning and securing the necessary resources. However, being a project manager is tougher than being a programmer; the former requires organizational and people skills while the latter requires technical skills for which I am proficient. At the project kickoff, I was both a programmer, project manager, and test engineer for six hours; again the technical roles of being a test engineer and programmer were comfortable, unlike project management, but I was beginning to get the hang of it. At this stage, the challenge of identifying the expected outcomes an d overcoming the anxiety that comes with getting a project off the ground. The step involving analyzing the existing project version that involved evaluating existing systems and how users interacted with them, an activity involving extensive evaluation to have the correct picture. I was a project manager as well as programmer for the duration of eight hours and it involved identifying and documenting the existing project and one of the challenges was that it was tedious and time consuming. A high level definition of the existing system were analyzed and documented, as recommended by 'MITRE' (2016). I was a programmer when making weekly progress reports that required updating and making reports on progress by submitting weekly progress reports for four hours. The challenge with this task is that notes have to be taken during each activity as key events and occurrences are likely to be forgotten if notes are not taken regularly; developing the report took a good four hours. Agendas had to be developed for meetings and this took eight hours, a period I was pr ogrammer and test engineer; the challenge was reaching a consensus with other group members on what was important and relevant to the project. The progress made was presented and the challenges faced included putting together and making the presentation; the author for instance is not a very good public speaker and making the presentation was obviously a challenge, despite making the necessary preparations. I was a project manager for two hours and although still challenging I was learning fast. The user requirement documents were then developed; this activity took four and a half days and entailed eliciting user needs through interviews and observation as well as group discussions and research on technical white papers; I was programmer at this point. Getting to obtain the actual user needs was a challenge because some users would not easily define what they needed, hence the use of the various methods. Writing the requirements in a text document in natural language also had its challenges because based on interviews ad observations, using natural language was at times laden with ambiguity and communicating requirements to team members in an easily understandable manner for all was a challenge. Natural language use in describing user requirements is sometimes laden with challenges such as confusion in detailing functional requirements (Sommervile, 2008). To obtain user requirements, a ten hours user requirement workshop was held where open discussions was done to elicit use r needs; a draft user requirements document was then developed based on the discussions. As the project manager, I was involved in the user requirement specifications drafting over one day based on the workshop explaining the need for a new system and putting the product into context. The document also defined, in abstract terms, what the finished product should be (Smith, 2012). The user requirement draft was then drafted and reviewed, amendments made and then signed off. A review of the requirements is important for examining whether all the requirements have been identified and their needs met (Levy, 2016), a process that took ten hours and I was the project manager as well. Meetings were then held to review and discuss a solution; the steering committee met for six hour to deliberate on the issues covered and raised so far and to set the agenda for the next phase of the project. I was a test engineer and programmer in that period, jobs that were complementary and gave me few challenges. A meeting with the project board that took a total of twelve hours was held during which the draft requirements were discussed and extra input incorporated into the document; I was a test engineer, project manager, and programmer. The meetings entailed negotiations and discussions on the project and entailed a lot of diplomacy and explaining to convince the board and other stakeholders that the user requirements had been captured and the project should proceed. Following these, a project proposal and plan were developed over one day; the planning section had its difficulties in determining time lines, resources, and deliverables, but nonetheless, was overcome. Writing th e proposal had the additional challenge of not being sure if it will be accepted, however, the problem was diagnosed in-depth and a solution to user requirements proposed to let the client know what is being proposed (Marsic, 2011), marking the end of the project initiation and planning. The technical design phase took five and a half days where I was the programmer as well as project manager; it entailed developing the software tool requirements where the requirements and dependencies of the clients system at specific times was listed before the actual design and development. This is an insurance policy that makes certain that both parties understand the requirements; the document precisely detailed the functions and capabilities of the proposed upgrade solution and the constraints the system must operate within (Le Vie Jr., 2010); (David, 2014). The challenges faced in this phase included constant volatility in requirements, developing a suitable process, what technologies to employ, professional and ethical challenges and managing design influences. As a test engineer and programmer, I did feasibility assessment of the functionality and practicality of the proposed upgrade solution was undertaken to uncover the weaknesses and strengths of the proposed solution rat ionally and objectively (Thakur, 2016). Also, the opportunities and threats were evaluated and the historical background, product description, and policies documented. The challenge was in classifying opportunities and threats as well as strengths and weaknesses as some weaknesses were also opportunities. The list of reports that required upgrading were also identified and documented in a process that took ten hours where I was programmer and test engineer; the challenge was to ensure the updates met the objectives and did not constrain the operations of the entire system, while the business objects upgrade took two days before the systems quality was assessed and assured. The challenge during the upgrade was getting everything right and small hiccups requiring the upgrade to be restarted on two occasions. The next process was the technical upgrade that took a total of 17 days; developing a suitable approach to the actual BO upgrade took two days where I was a programmer. The challenges faced included determining the personal, secured, and shared connections, determining the correct hierarchy, and choosing the best approach for the entire upgrade (Basu, 2016). As a programmer and test engineer, I also faced included developing and testing code using different languages; the debugging phases for software development were a challenge at times. I was involved in the development of the list to upgrade as a programmer and test engineer, a process that lasted two days and the challenge was in developing the list as it required checking and re-checking several times. Testing software would result in bugs that required re-programming to get rid of and this is always a challenge; further time constraint made the tasks challenging. I was a programmer involved in migrating the BO that took six da ys where migration from databases took place; the challenges for this phase were numerous, including dealing with system criticality, handling the size of the project, managing the schedule and project resources, and ensuring data integrity and security were maintained all through. For five days, I was a programmer and test engineer as well as project manager and was involved with identifying and fixing BO migration issues, including non-compatibility, slow-downs and loss of integrity of some data and challenges included identifying missing or corrupted data and making corrections. The challenges for this phase included identifying the exact issues, as some were not easy to identify. An upgrade completion report was then developed over ten hours, and because notes had been taken, there were no major issues in developing the report. Having migrated the BO and sorted some issues arising represented the technical migration milestone for the project . A quality assurance was done for two days where I was a test engineer and it involved creating QA reports for the new migrated BO and ensuring the data warehouse was optimally running. The challenge faced was using test data warehouse for the QA report. User Acceptance testing took two days where I was also test engineer and involved verifying the solution was working for the users; the challenge was that some issues could not be verified since some users were new to the migrated system. The testing report was generated over ten hours while I was test engineer detailing the performance of the system based on the QA and user acceptance tests. The challenge in generating the report was having all aspects included and reconciling user acceptance tests with the reality that some users were still not familiar with the new system and so it could or could not be treated as requiring more refining (Naik and Tripathy, 2011). Completion of the testing phase marked the testing and technical upg rade milestone. The next activity entailed training where I was test engineer and programmer; training is important in improve productivity and performance of employees and reducing stress associated with a new system (Bickerton, 2014). this involved developing a training plan and curriculum and developing a schedule for the training; a process that took a day. Developing the presentation materials and making presentations to the staff took a total of twelve hours; I was programmer and project manager. The challenge in developing the training schedule and presentation was in determining exactly what needed to be covered in the training given the time constraints. Further, there was no way to asses user grasp of the system and it was left for future administrators to continue with the training. As project manager and programmer, developing the business objects administrator user guide took two days; the administrator user guide is important for the administrator to give support (technical) to the use rs of the system. In developing the user guide, the basic and complex tasks as well as possible issues that will require assistance. This entailed documenting operational procedures and rules and the challenge was in identifying and predicting issues that may arise when users work with the new system (Fischhoff, Brewer and Downs, 2011). Completion of the training schedule and developing the administrator user guide marked the achievement of another milestone on training the users and developing a support manual. The next step involved the development of progress reports where I was programmer and test engineer developing the technical progress reports; progress report number I took ten hours and involved writing about the progress made up to the user requirement documentation; it entailed updating past reports and having all changes made reflected in the new report. The challenge was in developing a report with relevant facts and information without overlooking any important issue. The second progress report covered up to the technical upgrade and took five hours to develop; as test engineer and programmer, this was not challenging because the initial notes had been taken and I had a good grasp of the technical aspects for the project. The third progress report took five hors and covered the implementation while the fourth report also took five hours and covered the migration and training schedule. Writing the reports were not a challenge, except that in some instances, notes had been mispla ced or not taken. The reports also required a lot of time, more than what was allocated and this required extra exertion and hard work to complete on time and present. Progress reports are essential for showing metrics for the whole project implementation and gaging overall performance (Pratt, 2016). The close out phase took a total of 12 days and I was involved in developing the final project closure report as project manager, test engineer, and programmer. The report involved writing down the activities undertaken, challenges faced, and operational procedures for the migrated BO. The report also included the training done and the materials developed for the training as well as the roll out and any unique experiences. The project report also includes a budget of what was spent as well as the resources used (Dinsmore and Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). The entire project closure report took ten days to develop and had the challenge of having fewer resources (human resources to write the report). Further, since different people wrote the report parts which was then combined into a single report, there were challenges in maintaining the document flow and some areas had to be changed. This required a lot of time resources to accomplish. The presentation document was developed over a day and the challenge with this again was time constraints and ensuring that all items for the whole project were covered. There was apprehension since the client had to accept the report which would automatically mean the software delivery would be accepted. The final progress report was developed over three days and entailed nailing down essential and important content to meet the expectations of the intended recipient. The reports were made in a simple manner and fine tuned for the consumption of the audience; this is because progress reports can be long and the intended audience is just interested in knowing the important facts (Redmond, 2016). software was delivered over a four day period and mostly involved installing the software system-wide and ensuring everything was running, as well as attaching the necessary documentation and licensing requirements. Some challenges faced include having to reorganize operations in order to deliver the software fast and on time. Overall, the major challenges for the whole project included time and resource constraints and the training and user requirements and documentation phase, as well as having to meet deadlines and develop status reports. Agile methods were adopted in some instances to ensure timely delivery of the software (Chow and Cao, 2008). the end marked the achievement of the project closure milestone. References Alexander, M. 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